{"id":756,"date":"2021-06-10T13:59:13","date_gmt":"2021-06-10T13:59:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mischdesign.hu\/miklosimuzeum\/?p=756"},"modified":"2022-08-18T15:35:38","modified_gmt":"2022-08-18T15:35:38","slug":"az-adozasrol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/2021\/06\/10\/az-adozasrol\/","title":{"rendered":"Az ad\u00f3z\u00e1sr\u00f3l"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ad\u00f3. Mindannyian fizetj\u00fck, nem is kev\u00e9s \u2013 \u00e9s a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem sor\u00e1n ez bizony mindig \u00edgy volt. A t\u00f6r\u00f6k id\u0151kben p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen s\u00falyos ad\u00f3terhek s\u00fajtott\u00e1k a magyarokat, f\u0151k\u00e9pp azokon a ter\u00fcleteken, amik a h\u00f3dolts\u00e1g \u00e9s a Magyar Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g hat\u00e1r\u00e1n voltak. Az ilyen, \u00fan. kett\u0151s ad\u00f3ztat\u00e1s\u00fa vid\u00e9keken a t\u00f6r\u00f6knek, \u00e9s a magyar f\u00f6ldes\u00farnak is kellett fizetni. A t\u00f6r\u00f6k kori ad\u00f3\u00f6sszes\u00edr\u00e1sok Szigetszentmikl\u00f3s t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9hez is fontos adal\u00e9kokat adnak, ezekb\u0151l tudjuk p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, hogy m\u00e1r a t\u00f6r\u00f6k korban itt \u00e9ltek a mai szentmikl\u00f3si csal\u00e1dok el\u0151dei!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e1ssuk, mit \u00edrt Imre b\u00e1csi az ad\u00f3ztat\u00e1sr\u00f3l a Duna Menti H\u00edrad\u00f3ban 1993-ban!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ad\u00f3t mindig kellett fizetni!<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
D\u00e9zsmah\u00e1z a Csepeli \u00faton – itt gy\u0171jt\u00f6tt\u00e9k \u00f6ssze a helyi gazd\u00e1k \u00e1ltal befizetett tizedet. Az 1770-es \u00e9vekben \u00e9p\u00fclt h\u00e1z ma is \u00e1ll, ez Szigetszentmikl\u00f3s legr\u00e9gibb \u00e9p\u00fclete.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A mai emberek legf\u0151bb besz\u00e9dt\u00e1m\u00e1ja \u00fagy fontolom az ad\u00f3z\u00e1s \u00e9s az \u00e1rak emel\u00e9se. Mindkett\u0151t szidja, \u00e1tkozza f\u0151leg azt, aki kital\u00e1lta. Az \u00e1tlag szeg\u00e9nyember keser\u0171 sz\u00e1j\u00edzzel veszi tudom\u00e1sul, hogy minden j\u00f6vedelm\u00e9b\u0151l ad\u00f3t kell fizetni \u2013 \u00e9s ki tudja meddig?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A lexikon szerint az ad\u00f3 az \u00e1llam kenyere! A r\u00e9gi \u00edr\u00e1sok arr\u00f3l tud\u00f3s\u00edtanak benn\u00fcnket, hogy minden korban, minden n\u00e9p valamilyen form\u00e1ban ad\u00f3zott felettes\u00e9nek. Ad\u00f3ztak p\u00e9nzben, term\u00e9nyben, robotban. Az elm\u00falt hetekben a XVI. sz\u00e1zadi t\u00f6r\u00f6k ad\u00f3\u00f6ssze\u00edr\u00e1sokat tanulm\u00e1nyoztam, k\u00fcl\u00f6n a Csepel-sziget falvainak ad\u00f3z\u00e1sait. Megtal\u00e1lt\u00e1k a m\u00f3dj\u00e1t a t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6k is az ad\u00f3z\u00e1snak. A legfontosabb \u00e1llami ad\u00f3 a har\u00e1csad\u00f3 volt, melyet cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r ad\u00f3j\u00e1nak is neveztek. A magyar jobb\u00e1gyoknak, vagy ahogy a t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6k minden ad\u00f3fizet\u0151t neveztek, a r\u00e1j\u00e1nak, amennyiben 300 akcs\u00e9t \u00e9r\u0151 ing\u00f3s\u00e1ga volt, \u00e9venk\u00e9nt 50 akcse ez\u00fcstp\u00e9nzt kellett fizetni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A kapuad\u00f3t Szent Gy\u00f6rgy napj\u00e1n kellett fizetni a t\u00f6r\u00f6k f\u00f6ldes\u00farnak, m\u00e9gpedig 50 akcs\u00e9t. A 300 akcse ing\u00f3vagyon \u00e9rt\u00e9kalapul szolg\u00e1lt a b\u00edr\u00e1skod\u00e1sn\u00e1l, pl. vereked\u00e9s\u00e9rt, testi s\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9rt az a szeg\u00e9ny ember, akinek nem volt 300 akcse ing\u00f3s\u00e1ga, a fejbet\u00f6r\u00e9s\u00e9rt 100 akcs\u00e9t, v\u00e9rz\u0151seb okoz\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt 50 akcs\u00e9t fizetett. Ha m\u00f3dosabb volt, t\u00f6bbet r\u00f3ttak r\u00e1. A b\u00faz\u00e1b\u00f3l, rozsb\u00f3l tized\u00e9t a term\u00e9snek kellett fizetni, ak\u00e1r csak a m\u00e9hkasok, sert\u00e9sek ut\u00e1n is. A must, lencse, bab, lenmag, gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs, k\u00e1poszta szint\u00e9n ad\u00f3z\u00e1s al\u00e1 esett. A v\u00edzimalmok ut\u00e1n 50 akcse volt az ad\u00f3, ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl szerepelt m\u00e9g hord\u00f3ad\u00f3, s\u00f3ad\u00f3, menyasszonyad\u00f3, hagyat\u00e9ki illet\u00e9k, b\u00fcntet\u00e9sp\u00e9nz, k\u00e9m\u00e9nyad\u00f3, fejp\u00e9nz. Fizetni kellett a b\u00e1r\u00e1nyok, a sert\u00e9s, a kender, a szalma ut\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Szigetszentmikl\u00f3s 1546-ban 49 h\u00e1z ut\u00e1n ad\u00f3zott 6519 akcs\u00e9t, 1562-ben m\u00e1r 118 csal\u00e1d fizetett 41582 akcse ez\u00fcstp\u00e9nzt. Tizenhat \u00e9v alatt h\u00e9tszeres\u00e9re n\u0151tt az ad\u00f3ja! Egy \u00f6k\u00f6r \u00e1ra 300 akcse volt, ha \u00e1tsz\u00e1m\u00edtom, akkor k\u00f6zel 140 \u00f6k\u00f6r \u00e1r\u00e1t kellett fizetni a t\u00f6r\u00f6knek. Tudni kell azonban azt is, hogy h\u00e1rmas ad\u00f3z\u00e1s volt akkor. Els\u0151 volt a t\u00f6r\u00f6k, \u0151k mindenb\u0151l a tizedet k\u00e9rt\u00e9k, ak\u00e1rcsak az uras\u00e1g, mert a f\u00f6ld az \u00f6v\u00e9 volt a t\u00f6r\u00f6k megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s alatt is. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl illett adni egyh\u00e1zad\u00f3t is. A r\u00e9gi megs\u00e1rgult iratok keserves \u00e9letr\u0151l besz\u00e9lnek az ut\u00f3kornak. Fizetni mindig kellett, ha asz\u00e1lyos, ha \u00e1rvizes volt az esztend\u0151 \u2013 m\u00e9g akkor is fizetni kellett, ha a gazd\u00e1nak nem maradt semmije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A t\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6k ki\u0171z\u00e9se ut\u00e1n a cs\u00e1sz\u00e1ri seregek \u00e9s v\u00e9grehajt\u00f3i \u00fcltek a jobb\u00e1gyok nyak\u00e1ra \u00e9s ad\u00f3ztatt\u00e1k meg \u0151ket. \u0150k is mindenb\u0151l tizedet k\u00e9rtek, k\u00f6veteltek a \u201ekegyelmes \u00farnak\u201d. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl \u00e9venk\u00e9nt k\u00e9tszer, \u201eSzent Gy\u00f6rgy \u00e9s Szent Mih\u00e1ly napj\u00e1n\u201d tisztess\u00e9ges aj\u00e1nd\u00e9kot kellett vinni a f\u00f6ldes\u00farnak \u2013 ty\u00fakot, pulyk\u00e1t, lib\u00e1t, kacs\u00e1t stb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az ad\u00f3z\u00e1son k\u00edv\u00fcl m\u00e9g robotot is kellett szolg\u00e1lni \u00e9venk\u00e9nt az uras\u00e1g f\u00f6ldj\u00e9n. Ez \u00e9vi 52 nap ig\u00e1s vagy 102 napi gyalogos robot volt eg\u00e9sz 1848-ig. Teh\u00e1t nincs \u00faj a nap alatt. Ezek szerint mindig ad\u00f3zni kellett m\u00e9g ha s\u00edrva-r\u00edva is. Azt tartja egy k\u00f6zmond\u00e1s: a magyar embert h\u00e1romszor megkopasztj\u00e1k, negyedszer is kitollasodik. Rem\u00e9lj\u00fck valahogy \u00edgy lesz ezekben a mostani sz\u0171k esztend\u0151kben, ha megad\u00f3ztatnak is majd csak egyszer v\u00edgabb esztend\u0151k virradnak r\u00e1nk. Gy\u0151zz\u00fck kiv\u00e1rni, b\u00e9kess\u00e9gben, eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00f6\u0151 Imre<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ad\u00f3. Mindannyian fizetj\u00fck, nem is kev\u00e9s \u2013 \u00e9s a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem sor\u00e1n ez bizony mindig \u00edgy volt. A t\u00f6r\u00f6k id\u0151kben p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen s\u00falyos ad\u00f3terhek s\u00fajtott\u00e1k a magyarokat, f\u0151k\u00e9pp azokon a ter\u00fcleteken, amik a h\u00f3dolts\u00e1g \u00e9s a Magyar Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g hat\u00e1r\u00e1n voltak. Az ilyen, \u00fan. kett\u0151s ad\u00f3ztat\u00e1s\u00fa vid\u00e9keken a t\u00f6r\u00f6knek, \u00e9s a magyar f\u00f6ldes\u00farnak is kellett fizetni. A 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N\u00e1ndor","author_link":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1.jpg",1200,895,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1.jpg",1200,895,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1.jpg",1200,895,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1-300x224.jpg",300,224,true],"large":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1-1024x764.jpg",1024,764,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1.jpg",1200,895,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1.jpg",1200,895,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1.jpg",16,12,false],"ocean-thumb-m":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1-600x600.jpg",600,600,true],"ocean-thumb-ml":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1-800x450.jpg",800,450,true],"ocean-thumb-l":["https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-1-1200x700.jpg",1200,700,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Miss N\u00e1ndor","author_link":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Blog<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Ad\u00f3. Mindannyian fizetj\u00fck, nem is kev\u00e9s \u2013 \u00e9s a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem sor\u00e1n ez bizony mindig \u00edgy volt. A t\u00f6r\u00f6k id\u0151kben p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen s\u00falyos ad\u00f3terhek s\u00fajtott\u00e1k a magyarokat, f\u0151k\u00e9pp azokon a ter\u00fcleteken, amik a h\u00f3dolts\u00e1g \u00e9s a Magyar Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g hat\u00e1r\u00e1n voltak. Az ilyen, \u00fan. kett\u0151s ad\u00f3ztat\u00e1s\u00fa vid\u00e9keken a t\u00f6r\u00f6knek, \u00e9s a magyar f\u00f6ldes\u00farnak is kellett fizetni. A…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=756"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":758,"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756\/revisions\/758"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miklosimuzeum.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}